A soldier shrouded in darkness carries a weapon.

Accountability for Private Military and Security Actors

Active Project Technology, Law & Policy
Soldiers in Ukraine walk through fog.

The growth in private military and security companies and the globalized nature of their activities have revealed a clear impunity gap. From traditional mercenaries to government contractors to cyber mercenaries, international law and its institutions have failed to curtail the involvement of private actors in international crimes. The Technology, Law & Policy team is currently investigating the role of private actors in such crimes and analyzing the legal frameworks available for accountability. 

News

Screenshot from a video posted on a Wagner Group-linked Telegram channel in July 2024. Several men wearing Burkina Faso military uniforms stand in a rocky area around a dead body, which is being dismembered. One man holds up a smartphone, appearing to record the scene.

June 22, 2025

A confidential brief urges the ICC to investigate Wagner’s promotion of atrocities in West Africa

In this image from video posted on a Wagner Group-affiliated Telegram channel in July 2024, men in Burkina Faso military uniforms stand around a dead body lying on the ground as it was cut into pieces. (AP Photo)

Lawfare Daily podcast's logo, with

July 1, 2025

Prosecuting the Sahel’s War Influencers with Lindsay Freeman

HRC in the News — Lawfare Daily: Prosecuting the Sahel’s War Influencers with Lindsay Freeman, HRC Technology, Law & Policy director.

Black man on red backgroud white line speaking, yelling stock illustration

June 6, 2025

From Incels to Mercenaries: When Online Hate Becomes Real-World Violence

IStockPhoto Commentary in the News — Tech Policy Press: From Incels to Mercenaries: When Online Hate Becomes Real-World Violence, by Ceren Fitoz HRC

Screenshot from a video posted on a Wagner Group-linked Telegram channel in July 2024. Several men wearing Burkina Faso military uniforms stand in a rocky area around a dead body, which is being dismembered. One man holds up a smartphone, appearing to record the scene.

June 22, 2025

Takeaways from AP report on Wagner allegedly committing war crimes by promoting atrocities

In this image from video posted on a Wagner Group-affiliated Telegram channel in July 2024, men in Burkina Faso military uniforms stand around a dead body lying on the ground as it was cut into pieces. (AP Photo) (Uncredited/AP)

Armed Wagner Group fighters sit on top of an armored vehicle in Belarus, wearing military gear and helmets.

June 23, 2025

War Crimes for Fun and Profit

Wagner Group in Belarus (BelTA News Agency, https://shorturl.at/ngypl; CC BY 3.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) Commentary in the News —

Black and white photo of a modern building with smooth, wave-like architectural curves and horizontal lines of windows.

July 17, 2025

Symposium on PMSCs: Who is Responsible? When Private Military Companies Aren’t Completely Private

Commentary in the News — OpinioJuris: Symposium on PMSCs: Who is Responsible? When Private Military Companies Aren’t Completely Private, co-authored by Lindsay Freeman, HRC Technology, Law

Several people outside a building made with brick materials. The building is in a sandy, sunny place.

February 26, 2025

Terror, Chaos, and Shame: When Information Operations Constitute War Crimes

A craftsman’s house in Mali. Photo by Taguelmoust. Commentary — Articles of War: Terror, Chaos, and Shame: When Information Operations Constitute War Crimes,