In the aftermath of an international summit on the Responsibility to Protect, this report seeks to supplement productive conversations with research that will provide a broader base of knowledge from which to advance R2P. The report’s authors surveyed groups currently working to promote R2P, examined options for the United Nations and the Security Council to strengthen the initial 2005 commitment, and analyzed cases where R2P principles might have been applied to past conflicts. This report was written with the Religion, Politics and Globalization Program (UC Berkeley) and the International Human Rights Law Clinic (Berkeley Law).