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Technology, Law & Policy

Advancing innovation in international criminal law

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Through research on new and emerging technologies, digital investigations, and legal case-building, our team supports the work of international criminal prosecutors in national, hybrid, and international courts. Drawing on the ground-breaking work of the Human Rights Center, the Technology, Law & Policy program bridges the gap between academic research and legal practice, accelerating the speed at which the international criminal justice system adapts to technological change.

  • Our research helps international justice practitioners anticipate, understand, and prepare for the ways in which digital technologies are changing the nature of their work.
  • Our evidence dossiers and analytical products support ongoing international criminal investigations using cutting-edge investigation techniques.
  • Our legal submissions advocate for creative interpretations of international law with an aim towards shaping new legal precedent.
A soldier flies a drone.

Research on New and Emerging Technologies

Our research helps international justice practitioners anticipate, understand, and prepare for the ways in which digital technologies are changing the nature of their work — both in terms of the way crimes are committed and the evidence available to them. We conduct forward-looking research on new and emerging technologies in armed conflicts and international crimes to anticipate what impact these technologies will have on international criminal investigations and prosecutions. In partnership with the Investigations program, we distill lessons learned, draft investigation guidelines, and implement guidelines through our professional training program. We also serve as advisors and consultants to non-governmental organizations and international institutions to help them modernize by developing new policies, procedures, and protocols.

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Integrating Digital Investigations into Case-Building

Our evidence dossiers and analytical products support ongoing international criminal investigations using cutting-edge investigation techniques. We work with public and private partners on active criminal investigations to produce intelligence and build cases for prosecution in national and international courts. We capitalize on our position in a world renowned university, taking advantage of the broad array of resources at our disposal. Through exploration and experimentation, we cultivate new investigation techniques and methods, integrating them into the investigation and case-building process. 

Program Staff

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Lindsay Freeman

Director, Technology, Law & Policy

Human Rights Center

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Brian Nguyen

Open Source Investigations Training Manager

Human Rights Center

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Danil Cuffe

Digital Investigator, Technology, Law & Policy

Human Rights Center

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Ceren Fitoz

Digital Investigator, Technology, Law & Policy

Human Rights Center

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Amanda Ghahremani

Research Fellow

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Sophie Lombardo

Researcher, Technology, Law & Policy

Human Rights Center

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A.J. Schumann

Digital Investigator, Technology, Law & Policy Program

Human Rights Center

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Nat Kavaler

Researcher, Technology, Law & Policy Program

Human Rights Center

News

An illustration of two scales and a circular olive branch are seen on a window of a building.

March 13, 2024

Evidence of Russian Cyber Operations Could Bolster New ICC Arrest Warrants

Commentary — Lawfare: Evidence of Russian Cyber Operations Could Bolster New ICC Arrest Warrants, authored by Lindsay Freeman.

Human Rights Center Director of Technology Law & Policy's Lindsay Freeman bottom left, with Asymmetrical Haircut's Stef bottom right, Janet top right, and Margherita top left.

September 29, 2023

Cybercrimes as war crimes with Lindsay Freeman

Human Rights Center Director of Technology Law & Policy’s Lindsay Freeman bottom left, with Asymmetrical Haircut’s Stef bottom right, Janet top right, and Margherita top left. HRC in the News —

The Hague's Lead Prosecutor Says He'll Now Charge Cyberwar Crimes.

September 7, 2023

The International Criminal Court Will Now Prosecute Cyberwar Crimes

The Hague’s Lead Prosecutor Says He’ll Now Charge Cyberwar Crimes. Photo by Sebastian Barros/Getty Images. HRC in the News — WIRED: The International

Possible cyber attack on a computer. Photo by Pexels.

April 14, 2023

Ukraine Symposium – Accountability for Cyber War Crimes

Commentary — Articles of War: Ukraine Symposium – Accountability for Cyber War Crimes, by Lindsay Freeman.

Russian

April 4, 2023

The Gravity of Russia’s Cyberwar against Ukraine

Commentary — Opinio Juris: The Gravity of Russia’s Cyberwar against Ukraine, by Lindsay Freeman, Amanda Ghahremani, and Sophie Lombardo.

Ukraine Accountability Conference

July 19, 2022

Russian Cyberattacks Need an International Criminal Court Response

Commentary — Center for European Policy Analysis: Russian Cyberattacks Need an International Criminal Court Response, an op-ed by Lindsay Freeman.

Photo by ALEXANDER NEMENOV/GETTY IMAGES

May 12, 2022

The Case for War Crimes Charges Against Russia’s Sandworm Hackers

Photo by ALEXANDER NEMENOV/GETTY IMAGES HRC in the News — WIRED: The Case for War Crimes Charges Against Russia’s Sandworm Hackers, featuring

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October 13, 2023

Cybercrimes under consideration by the ICC

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September 15, 2023

The Prosecutor’s New Policy on ‘Cyber Operations’ before the International Criminal Court (and its Implications for Ukraine): Some Preliminary Reflections

HRC in the News — EJIL: Talk!, The Prosecutor’s New Policy on ‘Cyber Operations’ before the International Criminal Court (and its Implications for Ukraine): Some Preliminary

An illustration of two scales and a circular olive branch are seen on a window of a building.

October 18, 2023

Hackers in the Hague? The Prospects of Prosecuting International Cyber Crimes Before the ICC

HRC in the News — Lawfare: Hackers in the Hague? The Prospects of Prosecuting International Cyber Crimes Before the ICC, citing Lindsay Freeman on the ICC’s decision to investigate